Musicians: What Chords Do You Absolutely, Positively Have To Know?

As you probably know, there are thousands andI don't think so.
thousands of different chords in music –It's possible, of course, but not too likely. If I had to
everything from basic major chords to minor 7ths toguess, I would say it would be either you, your spouse,
13ths to suspensions to poly-chords. Someday, youor your child. It might be your cousin down the
might want to learn all those chords if you don'tstreet—there's a much better chance of that
already know them.than, say, David Letterman or Prince
But meanwhile, there are 3 chords—justCharles—but my best odds would be to guess
3—that you absolutely, positively have to know. Ifthat the family members would be there.
you don't know these three, there's hardly a song inIt's the same way with chords. In any given key, there
the whole world that you could play. But by knowingare 3 "family members" that are residents of that
just 3 chords, you can play hundreds, if not thousandskey—the I chord, the IV chord, and the V chord.
of songs!They are far and away the most likely chords to
Really?occur in any given key.
Really.For example, if I am playing in the Key of C, and the
Are you ready? Here they are:first chord is the C chord and I have to guess what
I IV Vthe next chord is, I would guess that it would be either
Huh? What's all that about?the F chord or the G chord. Why? Because those are
Here's what:the other "family members". So we have narrowed
In every key there are 3 chords—just 3the odds a great deal just by knowing who the
chords—which are known as "primarymembers of the family are.
chords"—chords that occur way more thanDoes that mean that there are always just 3 chords in
other chords. They are like family members of thata song? No, but there are literally hundreds of songs
particular key. They are groups of notes built on the 1stthat are made of just 3 chords.
note of the scale, the 4th note of that scale, and theThe Primary Piano Chords ("the fam") Of All the Major
5th note of that scale. (Those are 3-note chords calledKeys
"triads"—in another article we will get into 4 and 5Here are the primary chords (the family chords) of all
note chords.)the major keys (remember that the primary chords
For example, here is the C scale on the keyboard. Itare the I chord, the IV chord, and the V chord based
runs from C up to C and octave higher. The I chord ison the scale of that particular key):
built on the first note of the C scale, and so on:Key of C: C, F, G
So if I build a chord on the "I"—every other scaleKey of G: G, C, D
note up from C, the chord is C, E, and G—knownKey of D: D, G, A
as the "C major chord".Key of A: A, D, E
If I build a chord on the "IV"—every other scaleKey of E: E, A, B
note up from F, the chord is F, A, and C—knownKey of B: B, E, F#
as the "F major chord".Key of F: F, Bb, C
If I build a chord on the "V"—every other scaleKey of Bb: Bb, Eb, F
note up from G, the chord is G, B, and D—knownKey of Eb: Eb, Ab, Bb
as the "G major chord".Key of Ab: Ab, Db, Eb
Please notice, if you haven't already, that those 3Key of Db: Db, Gb, Ab
chords contain ALL the notes in the C scale!Key of Gb: Gb, Cb, Db
So what?Do you have to know all these chords in all these
So any melody – tune – in the key of Ckeys?
(as long as it just uses the 8 notes of the scale) canNo.
be harmonized just by playing one of those 3 chords!You can choose to play in just one key, or just a few
Think about that—that's a HUGE insight thatkeys.
most people never get.But what you MUST know is the 3 chords in
So, in any given key you can play in, there arewhatever key you want to play in! That means that
PRIMARY CHORDS—chords that occur waythe stark beginner can learn 3 chords in just a few
more than other chords. They are like family membersminutes, and be able to play along with thousands of
of that particular key.tunes, because most folk songs, hymns, country songs,
At your house, let's say you have 3 people in yourand many rock songs just use the 3 basic chords.
family—your spouse, your child, and you. On theThat's why people who know zilch about music can
same block, but down the street a few houses, livespick up a guitar, learn 3 chords, and strum along while
your cousin and her family.singing everything from "On Top Of Old Smoky" to
At any given moment, who are the most likely people"Amazing Grace" to "My Country 'Tis Of Thee" to
to be in your house?"Auld Lang Syne" to "Silent Night" to—well, you
The Terminator?get the idea. And not only a guitar, but a piano,
Hillary?keyboard, or whatever.
Dubba?